Ballistics

Exterior ballistics, muzzle energy, wind drift, scope adjustments, reloading data, and shooting safety zones.

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Calculate optimal barrel twist rate from bullet length and diameter using the Greenhill formula. Accounts for bullet material density.

Calculate surface danger zone dimensions for range operations from weapon type, firing line width, and target distance.

Calculate remaining kinetic energy and velocity at any distance from bullet weight, muzzle velocity, and ballistic coefficient.

Calculate bullet trajectory from muzzle velocity, ballistic coefficient, and environmental conditions. See drop, velocity, and energy at range.

Calculate muzzle energy in foot-pounds and joules from bullet weight and muzzle velocity. Also computes power factor and momentum.

Calculate powder charge ranges, case _fill percentages, and estimated velocities for handload development. Not a substitute for published load data.

Calculate MOA or MIL clicks needed to correct point of impact at a given range. Convert between adjustment systems.

Calculate sound reduction from suppressor type, ammunition, and barrel length. Check if the combination is hearing safe.

Calculate bullet flight time to target from muzzle velocity, ballistic coefficient, and range. See gravity drop and lag time.

Calculate bullet deflection from crosswind speed and angle at distance. Get MOA and MIL hold-off values.