Haulage Cost Calculator
Calculate per-ton haulage cost from distance, grade, truck specs, fuel, and labor rates.
About this calculator
Haulage is typically the largest operating cost in surface mining after the excavation itself, and this calculator breaks per-ton cost into three components that respond to different inputs. Fuel Cost/Ton comes from an effective haul distance -- the entered one-way distance inflated by a grade factor, since each percentage point of uphill grade increases fuel burn by roughly 2% -- multiplied by a standard fuel-consumption rate for large haul trucks and the entered diesel price, so it rises with distance, grade, and fuel price together. Labor Cost/Ton instead comes from the truck's cycle time: loaded and empty travel speeds both slow down on steeper grades, which stretches the cycle and reduces how many trips (and tons) a truck completes per shift, spreading the driver's fixed hourly wage over fewer tons.
Maintenance/Ton is modeled as a fixed 60% of Fuel Cost/Ton, reflecting that harder- working trucks on longer or steeper hauls also wear components faster. Daily Tonnage, notably, never enters any of the per-ton cost figures at all -- it only determines Trucks Needed, since per-ton cost describes the economics of one haul cycle regardless of how many total tons the fleet is moving that day. This is a planning-level cost model using standard consumption and wear assumptions, not a substitute for a site-specific haul-fleet cost study with measured fuel burn and maintenance records.
Inputs
Results
Total Cost/Ton
$1.68
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter haul distance (miles) and average road grade (%) for the haul route.
- Set truck payload (tons) and fuel cost per gallon.
- Enter driver hourly rate and daily tonnage to be hauled.
- Review Total Cost/Ton ($) as the primary operating cost metric for economic analysis.
- Use Fuel Cost/Ton and total cost components to identify opportunities for fleet or route optimization.
How the result changes with Haul Distance
| Haul Distance | Total Cost/Ton |
|---|---|
| 2.5 | $0.86 |
| 3.75 | $1.27 |
| 7.5 | $2.52 |
| 13 | $4.33 |
What each input means
- Haul Distance
- One-way haul distance from pit to dump
- Average Grade
- Average haul road grade percentage
- Truck Payload
- Haul truck payload capacity in short tons
- Fuel Cost
- Diesel fuel cost per gallon
- Driver Rate
- Haul truck operator hourly rate (loaded)
- Daily Tonnage
- Total tonnage to haul per day
How this is calculated
Worked example, using the default values
- Identify Input Parameters4 parametersHaul Distance = 5, Average Grade = 8, Truck Payload = 150, Fuel Cost = 4 = 6 input(s) provided
- Calculate Total Cost/TonTotal Cost/Ton1.68 = $1.68
- Calculate Fuel Cost/TonFuel Cost/Ton0.93 = $0.93
- Calculate Labor Cost/TonLabor Cost/Ton0.19 = $0.19
Engine last updated . Checked against 2 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does Daily Tonnage not change the Total Cost/Ton figure?
Total Cost/Ton describes the fuel, labor, and maintenance cost of moving one ton over the haul route -- a per-cycle economics figure that doesn't depend on how many total tons the operation moves in a day. Daily Tonnage instead only affects Trucks Needed, which answers a completely separate question: how many trucks does the fleet need to move that daily total, given how many tons a single truck can haul per shift.
How much does haul road grade actually affect fuel cost per ton?
Each percentage point of average grade adds roughly 2% to the effective haul distance used in the fuel calculation, so a route with a 15% grade burns noticeably more fuel per ton than a flat route of the same physical distance -- the grade factor compounds with distance and fuel price, so steep, long hauls see the largest fuel cost impact.
Diesel prices at our site jumped 30% this quarter -- should I expect Labor Cost/Ton to move with it?
No -- Labor Cost/Ton is calculated purely from the driver's hourly rate, shift length, and how many tons a truck can move per shift (which depends on cycle time, itself driven by distance and grade), with no reference to fuel cost anywhere in that calculation. A diesel price spike raises Fuel Cost/Ton and, through it, Total Cost/Ton, but the labor line on your cost breakdown stays exactly where it was before the price change.
Why would increasing truck payload capacity lower the cost per ton even though a bigger truck presumably costs more to run?
This calculator doesn't model the bigger truck's own operating cost scaling with payload -- it spreads the same fixed per-shift labor cost across more tons per trip when payload rises, which mechanically lowers Labor Cost/Ton. In practice, larger haul trucks do have proportionally higher fuel and maintenance costs, so a full economic comparison between truck sizes should weigh that against this calculator's labor-cost effect.
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