Molar Mass Calculator
Calculate molar mass, convert between grams and moles, and find the number of molecules for elements and common compounds.
About this calculator
Molar mass is the mass of one mole (6.022 x 10^23 particles, Avogadro's number) of a substance, expressed in grams per mole, and it is the conversion factor chemists use to move between a measurable quantity -- mass on a balance -- and the number of particles or reacting units in stoichiometry. This calculator looks up a standard atomic weight for a selected element or sums the atomic weights of a selected compound's formula (values drawn from the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights' 2021 standard atomic weights report, such as 1.008 g/mol for hydrogen and 12.011 g/mol for carbon), then converts your entered quantity between grams and moles using that molar mass, and reports the corresponding particle count. Whichever unit you choose for the quantity field -- grams or moles -- only changes how that single entered number is interpreted; it does not change the looked-up molar mass itself, which depends only on which element or compound is selected.
That makes the quantity value completely independent of the molar mass result: you can change quantity freely and watch grams, moles, and molecule count update, while the molar mass display stays fixed until you pick a different substance. This is the same relationship used for solution preparation (weighing out a target number of moles of a reagent), stoichiometry problems (converting grams of a reactant to moles to use with a balanced equation), and general lab calculations.
Inputs
Results
Molar Mass
18.02 g/mol
Figures current as of 2021. Source: Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), "Atomic Weights 2021"
How to Use This Calculator
- Select Mode: Element for a single-atom lookup, or Compound for a preset formula.
- If Mode is Element, pick the element (H, He, C, N, O, Na, Fe, Cu, or Au) from the Element list to get its atomic mass.
- If Mode is Compound, pick from the Compound list (e.g., H₂O, NaCl, CO₂) -- these are preset formulas with precomputed molar masses, not a free-text formula field.
- Enter the Quantity and choose its Unit (Grams or Moles) to say how much of the substance you're converting.
- Review molar mass in g/mol, along with the resulting mass, moles, and molecule count for solution preparation, stoichiometry problems, and laboratory calculations.
What each input means
- Mode
- Calculation mode to use.
- Unit
- Measurement system to use.
How this is calculated
Worked example, using the default values
- Identify Input Parameters4 parametersMode = 1, Element = 2, Compound = 0, Quantity = 100 = 5 input(s) provided
- Calculate Molar Mass18.015 = 18.015
- Calculate SubstanceSubstance = `${selectedNameWater (H₂O) = Water (H₂O)
- Calculate MassMass100 = 100
Figures and sources
- IUPAC standard atomic weights (2021 report, Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights) (2021) — Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), "Atomic Weights 2021"
Engine last updated . Checked against 2 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does changing the quantity value never change the molar mass shown?
Molar mass is a fixed property of whichever element or compound is selected -- it comes from a lookup or formula sum, not from the quantity you enter. The quantity field only determines how much of that substance you're converting (in grams or moles), so it can move freely without ever affecting the molar mass number itself.
How is the molar mass of a compound like water or sulfuric acid calculated?
It's the sum of the IUPAC-published standard atomic weights (2021 Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights report) of every atom in the formula -- water (H2O) sums two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, for example. This calculator stores precomputed sums for a set of common compounds rather than parsing arbitrary chemical formulas, so only the listed compounds are available as selections.
What's the difference between selecting grams versus moles as the unit?
It changes how the Quantity field is interpreted, not the substance's molar mass. With grams selected, the calculator treats your entered number as a mass and derives moles from it; with moles selected, it treats the same field as a mole count and derives the corresponding mass. Both directions use the identical molar mass for the selected substance.
How many molecules are in a mole, and why is that number so large?
A mole is defined as Avogadro's number of particles, approximately 6.022 x 10^23 -- a number chosen historically so that one mole of a substance's atomic or molecular mass in grams contains exactly that many particles. It's large because atoms and molecules themselves are extremely small relative to everyday mass units like grams.
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