Forest Growth Projector
Project future timber stand volume using site index and stand age. Calculates mean annual increment, periodic annual increment, and optimal rotation age.
About this calculator
Projected Volume is built from a sigmoid (S-shaped) growth curve calibrated so it passes exactly through your entered Current Stand Volume at your entered Current Stand Age, then projected forward by Projection Period years along that same curve. Site Index — a standard forestry measure of site productivity (dominant tree height at a reference age, typically 50 years) — sets the curve's volume ceiling directly (Site Index × 3, a rough approximation), and the curve's climb-rate constant is then solved for so it fits your entered current volume and age against that ceiling. Because a higher Site Index means a taller ceiling for the exact same entered current volume and age, that starting point represents proportionally less of a high-Site-Index stand's total potential — more headroom below the ceiling — which is what makes a higher Site Index produce a higher Projected Volume and more Volume Growth over the same Projection Period, not a faster raw per-year growth-rate constant.
From the projected volume the calculator derives Mean Annual Increment (MAI, total volume divided by stand age) both now and at the projection point, Periodic Annual Increment (PAI, volume gained divided by the projection period), and an Optimal Rotation Age found by scanning ages 10 through 200 for wherever MAI peaks — the classic forestry rule that maximum sustained yield occurs where MAI and PAI cross. This is a simplified single-curve yield model, not a species-specific or region-calibrated forest growth-and-yield table — real projections should draw on regional volume tables or growth simulators (e.g. FVS) calibrated to your species and site.
Inputs
Results
Projected Volume
92.5 MBF
Volume Growth
42.5 MBF
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter the Current Stand Volume in MBF (thousand board feet) and the Current Stand Age in years.
- Enter the Site Index reflecting soil quality and growth potential for the species.
- Enter your Projection Period in years to forecast volume at a future date.
- Review Projected Volume and Volume Growth to plan harvest timing and timber sale revenue.
- Check Optimal Rotation Age and Periodic Annual Increment (PAI) to identify the most productive cutting cycle.
How the result changes with Current Stand Volume
| Current Stand Volume | Projected Volume | Volume Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 53.8 MBF | 28.8 MBF |
| 38 | 75.1 MBF | 37.1 MBF |
| 75 | 123 MBF | 48 MBF |
| 125 | 166.6 MBF | 41.6 MBF |
What each input means
- Current Stand Volume
- Current timber volume in thousand board feet (MBF) for the stand.
- Site Index
- Site index (base age 50) indicating site productivity. Higher = better growing conditions. Typical: 50-80.
- Current Stand Age
- Current age of the stand in years from establishment.
- Projection Period
- Number of years into the future to project growth.
How this is calculated
Worked example, using the default values
- Identify Input Parameters4 parametersCurrent Stand Volume = 50, Site Index = 65, Current Stand Age = 40, Projection Period = 20 = 4 input(s) provided
- Calculate Projected VolumeProjected Volume92.5 = 92.5
- Calculate Volume GrowthVolume Growth42.5 = 42.5
- Calculate Growth PercentageGrowth Percentage84.9 = 84.9
- Calculate Periodic Annual IncrementPeriodic Annual Increment2.12 = 2.12
Engine last updated . Checked against 1 independently-derived test — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does a higher Site Index change the growth projection?
Site Index sets the volume ceiling the curve grows toward (Site Index × 3). For the same entered Current Stand Volume and Current Stand Age, a higher Site Index means a much taller ceiling, so that same starting point sits proportionally lower on a high-Site-Index stand's curve — more headroom left to grow. That's why a higher Site Index (better growing conditions — richer soil, favorable climate, less competition) produces both a higher Projected Volume and more Volume Growth over the same Projection Period than a lower-Site-Index stand starting from the same current volume and age.
What does Optimal Rotation Age actually mean?
It's the stand age at which Mean Annual Increment (total volume divided by age) peaks, found by scanning ages 10 through 200 along the fitted growth curve. This reflects the classic forestry principle that a stand grown past its MAI peak is adding volume more slowly than its own historical average, making that peak the textbook point of maximum sustained biological yield — not necessarily the best age to harvest for cash flow.
Why does the same Current Stand Volume produce different Projected Volumes at different Site Indexes?
The growth curve is calibrated to pass through your Current Stand Volume at your Current Stand Age regardless of Site Index, but Site Index still sets how far away the curve's ceiling is — a high-Site-Index stand is assumed to be further below its (much taller) biological ceiling, with more room left to climb, while a low-Site-Index stand at the same current volume is assumed much closer to its (much lower) ceiling and closer to leveling off.
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