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Concert Hall Acoustics Calculator

Design a Schroeder QRD (Quadratic Residue Diffuser) panel by computing well depths, panel width, and effective diffusion bandwidth from design frequency and prime number.

About this calculator

Panel Width depends on exactly one input: Design Frequency. Algebraically, Panel Width is computed as individual well width (which is the design wavelength divided by twice the Prime Number) multiplied back by that same Prime Number -- and the Prime Number cancels out of that product completely. Panel Width reduces to half the design wavelength, full stop, regardless of how many wells the prime number specifies. This isn't a subtle rounding effect; it's exact algebra, and it's easy to verify from the numbers themselves: at a Design Frequency of 590 Hz, Panel Width comes out to 29.07 cm no matter what Prime Number you choose -- 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, or 23 all give the identical panel width.

Number of Wells is also completely absent from the Panel Width formula (it only controls how many individual well depths get computed in the QRD sequence output, and how many of them are counted as unique non-zero depths). What Prime Number and Number of Wells DO change is everything about the panel's internal structure: Individual Well Width (which does depend on Prime Number, since a higher prime divides the same overall panel width into more, narrower wells), the specific depth sequence of each well, and the Upper Diffusion Limit (which is Design Frequency times Prime Number divided by 2 -- so Prime Number matters enormously there, even though it's irrelevant to Panel Width). Don't read a wide or narrow panel as evidence of a particular prime number choice; only Design Frequency sets the overall panel footprint.

Inputs

Results

Panel width (cm)

34.3

Individual well width (cm)4.9
Maximum well depth (cm)34.3
Lower diffusion limit (Hz)500
Upper diffusion limit (Hz)1,750
Unique well depths3
First well depth (cm)0
How to Use This Calculator
  1. Enter Design frequency (Hz), Prime number (P), and Number of wells.
  2. Review the Panel width (cm) result.
  3. Use Individual well width (cm) and Maximum well depth (cm) to inform your decision.

How the result changes with Design frequency (Hz)

Design frequency (Hz)Panel width (cm)
25068.6
37545.73
75022.87
1,25013.72

What each input means

Design frequency (Hz)
The lowest frequency the diffuser is designed to scatter. Determines maximum well depth.
Prime number (P)
Prime number for the QRD sequence (e.g. 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23). Determines the number of wells per period.
Number of wells
Number of wells to compute depths for. Typically equals the prime number for one full period.

What each result means

Panel width (cm)
Total width of one diffuser period (all wells combined) in centimeters.
Individual well width (cm)
Width of each well in centimeters.
Maximum well depth (cm)
Maximum possible well depth based on the design wavelength (half-wavelength).
Lower diffusion limit (Hz)
Lower bound of the effective diffusion frequency range.
Upper diffusion limit (Hz)
Upper bound of the effective diffusion frequency range.
Unique well depths
Number of distinct non-zero well depths in the QRD sequence.
First well depth (cm)
Depth of the first well (well 0) in the quadratic residue sequence (always 0 cm).

How this is calculated

Worked example, using the default values

  1. Identify Input Parameters
    Design frequency (Hz) = 500, Prime number (P) = 7, Number of wells = 7 = 3 input(s) provided
  2. Calculate Panel width
    Panel width = wellWidth * primeNumber
    34.3 = 34.3
  3. Calculate Individual well width
    Individual well width = (designWavelength / (2 * primeNumber)) * 100
    4.9 = 4.9
  4. Calculate Maximum well depth
    Maximum well depth = (designWavelength / 2) * 100
    34.3 = 34.3

Engine last updated . Checked against 2 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the prime number I choose change the overall panel width?

No -- and this holds exactly, not approximately. Panel Width is individual well width times the prime number, but well width itself is design wavelength divided by twice the prime number, so the prime number cancels out of that multiplication completely. Panel Width reduces to exactly half the design wavelength regardless of which prime (5, 7, 11, 13, and so on) you pick.

Then what does the prime number actually control?

Everything about the panel's internal structure: how many wells divide up that fixed overall width (Individual Well Width shrinks as the prime number grows, since more wells share the same total span), the specific quadratic-residue depth sequence for each well, and the Upper Diffusion Limit, which is design frequency times the prime number divided by 2 -- a large, direct effect there even though the prime number has zero effect on Panel Width.

Does the number of wells I compute change the panel width?

No. Number of Wells only determines how many individual well depths are computed and reported in the QRD sequence -- it never enters the Panel Width formula, which depends solely on Design Frequency.

What's the one input that actually sets the panel's overall size?

Design Frequency, exclusively. Panel Width equals exactly half the design wavelength (speed of sound divided by Design Frequency), so lower design frequencies -- which target longer wavelengths -- require proportionally wider panels, independent of every other input on this calculator.

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