Mortality & Risk Calculator

In Life Expectancy mode, the calculator computes a baseline figure from sex and then adjusts it using smoking status, exercise level, BMI, and family history -- your current age never enters that adjustment. Age is used separately to compute Remaining Years (Life Expectancy minus Current Age), so changing your age moves how many years you're estimated to have left without changing the Life Expectancy figure itself.

No -- it's explicitly labeled in the underlying data as a simplified reference table for illustration, built with round deaths-per-1,000 figures at 10-year age bands rather than the detailed, continuously updated tables actuaries use professionally, such as tables published by the Society of Actuaries or national life tables from vital statistics agencies. Treat the Mortality Rate mode's output as directionally useful, not as a substitute for a real actuarial table lookup.

Combined ratio adds the loss ratio (claims paid as a share of premium), the loss adjustment expense ratio, and the underwriting expense ratio into one figure. A combined ratio under 100% means the insurer is making an underwriting profit before investment income; over 100% means claims and expenses exceed premium collected, and the insurer is relying on investment returns to stay profitable overall -- this calculator labels results under 95% as excellent and over 105% as poor.

It takes an expected loss ratio and a loss volatility (standard deviation) assumption, then computes 95% and 99% Value at Risk (VaR) using standard normal multipliers (1.645 and 2.326 standard deviations respectively) applied to the expected losses. Required capital is the gap between the 99% VaR figure and expected losses -- essentially, the capital cushion needed to absorb losses in all but the worst 1% of modeled scenarios, assuming losses are roughly normally distributed.