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Calcimator

DSCR Calculator

Calculate debt service coverage ratio to assess commercial loan qualification.

About this calculator

Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) is the standard commercial-lending metric for whether a property's income can support its financing: Net Operating Income divided by the total annual debt service (principal plus interest) the loan requires. A DSCR of 1.0 means the property's income exactly covers its loan payments with nothing left over; below 1.0 means the property does not generate enough income to cover the debt on its own, and above 1.0 means there is a cushion. This calculator amortizes the Loan Amount over the Loan Term at the given Interest Rate to derive the Monthly Payment and Annual Debt Service, then divides Net Operating Income by that figure to get DSCR.

It also reports Loan-to-Value (loan divided by Property Value), Debt Yield (income divided purely by loan size, a metric lenders use because it ignores interest rate and amortization entirely), a Max Loan at 1.25 DSCR figure that shows the largest loan this property's income could support while holding a 1.25 coverage ratio -- a commonly cited target, though actual lender minimums vary by program and property type and are not universal -- and Debt Service Coverage Burden, the share of NOI that debt service consumes (annual debt service divided by NOI, the mathematical reciprocal of DSCR). That last figure is not a true break-even occupancy rate -- computing real break-even occupancy requires separate Operating Expenses and Gross Potential Income inputs this calculator does not collect, since NOI here is already net of expenses -- and it can read above 100% whenever DSCR is below 1.0, which is expected, not an error. This tool assumes a single fixed-rate, fully amortizing loan; it does not model interest-only periods, rate resets, reserves, or lender-specific underwriting add-backs to NOI.

Inputs

$/yr
$
%
years
$

Results

DSCR

1.11

Monthly Payment

$13,504.14

Annual Debt Service$162,049.72
Loan-to-Value71.43%
Debt Yield9%
Max Loan at 1.25 DSCR$1,777,232.00
Debt Service Coverage Burden90.03%
How to Use This Calculator
  1. Enter Net Operating Income (annual NOI) from the property's income and expense statement.
  2. Set Loan Amount, Interest Rate, and Loan Term to calculate annual debt service.
  3. Enter Property Value for LTV and debt yield calculations.
  4. Review DSCR — a ratio above 1.25 typically meets commercial lender requirements; below 1.0 is cash-flow negative.
  5. Check Max Loan at 1.25 DSCR to determine the maximum supportable loan at lender minimums.
  6. Review Debt Service Coverage Burden to see what share of NOI the debt service consumes (the reciprocal of DSCR) -- it can read above 100% when DSCR is below 1.0.

How the result changes with Loan Amount

Loan AmountDSCRMonthly Payment
$1,000,000.002.22$6,752.07
$1,500,000.001.48$10,128.11
$3,000,000.000.74$20,256.21
$5,000,000.000.44$33,760.36

What each input means

Net Operating Income
Annual net operating income (revenue minus operating expenses).
Loan Amount
Total loan amount being requested.
Interest Rate
Annual interest rate on the commercial loan.
Loan Term
Amortization period in years.
Property Value
Appraised or purchase price of the property.

What each result means

Debt Service Coverage Burden
Share of Net Operating Income consumed by debt service (annual debt service ÷ NOI) -- the reciprocal of DSCR, not a true break-even occupancy rate. This can exceed 100% whenever DSCR is below 1.0.

How this is calculated

Worked example, using the default values

  1. Identify Input Parameters
    5 parameters
    Net Operating Income = 180000, Loan Amount = 2000000, Interest Rate = 6.5, Loan Term = 25, Property Value = 2800000 = 5 input(s) provided
  2. Calculate DSCR
    DSCR
    1.111 = 1.111
  3. Calculate Monthly Payment
    Monthly Payment
    13504.14 = $13,504.14
  4. Calculate Annual Debt Service
    Annual Debt Service
    162049.72 = $162,049.72
  5. Calculate Loan-to-Value
    Loan-to-Value
    71.43 = 71.43%

Engine last updated . Checked against 2 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is DSCR different from Loan-to-Value?

DSCR measures whether the property's income can cover the loan payment; Loan-to-Value measures how much of the property's value the loan represents. A deal can have a comfortable LTV (a large equity cushion) but a poor DSCR if income is thin relative to the debt service, or vice versa -- lenders typically look at both together, not either one alone.

Why does a longer Loan Term increase DSCR?

A longer amortization period spreads the same Loan Amount over more monthly payments, which lowers each individual payment and therefore the total Annual Debt Service. Since DSCR is Net Operating Income divided by that debt service, a smaller debt service figure produces a higher DSCR -- the tradeoff is more interest paid in total over the life of a longer loan.

Does Property Value affect DSCR at all?

No. Property Value only feeds into Loan-to-Value in this calculator; DSCR, Debt Yield, Monthly Payment, Annual Debt Service, Max Loan at 1.25 DSCR, and Debt Service Coverage Burden are all driven by Net Operating Income, Loan Amount, Interest Rate, and Loan Term, and do not reference Property Value in their formulas at all.

Is a DSCR below 1.0 always disqualifying for a loan?

Not automatically, though it is a red flag most commercial lenders take seriously -- it means the property's own income is not enough to cover its debt service, so the borrower would need to cover the shortfall from other sources. Whether a specific deal can still close depends on the lender, the loan program, and other compensating factors like borrower net worth or additional collateral.

How does raising the Interest Rate change Debt Yield?

It doesn't -- Debt Yield in this calculator is defined purely as Net Operating Income divided by Loan Amount, with no reference to rate or amortization at all, which is exactly why some lenders favor it over DSCR: it cannot be flattered by a longer term or a lower rate the way DSCR can.

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