Scuba Air Consumption Calculator
Calculate your surface air consumption (SAC) rate and estimate remaining bottom time at depth based on tank size and pressure readings.
About this calculator
Your Surface Air Consumption (SAC) rate is the standard yardstick divers use to compare breathing efficiency independent of tank size or depth: it expresses how many liters of air you burn per minute at surface pressure (1 atmosphere). This calculator first converts your logged pressure drop into total air consumed — tank volume times the difference between start and end pressure — then divides by dive duration and by ambient pressure at your average depth (1 + depth/10, since pressure increases roughly 1 atmosphere per 10 meters of seawater) to normalize the number back to the surface. The reported "Consumption at Depth" reverses that normalization, multiplying SAC by the same ambient-pressure factor, showing how much air you actually burn at the depth you dived.
From there, the calculator estimates how many more minutes you could stay at that same depth: it takes the air still in the tank at your ending pressure, subtracts a fixed 50-bar reserve that should never be breathed into on a working dive, and divides the remainder by your at-depth consumption rate. The rate rating buckets your SAC into four bands — under 12 L/min is excellent, 12 to 17 average, 17 to 22 high, and above 22 very high — useful for tracking whether experience and better trim are improving your air efficiency over time. Because SAC assumes a roughly constant breathing rate across the whole dive, a single deep or strenuous segment can distort the average; use several dives at similar profiles for a more reliable baseline, and never treat the bottom-time estimate as a substitute for watching your gauge.
Inputs
Results
SAC Rate
10.71 L/min
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter your tank volume in liters (e.g., 12 L for a standard single cylinder).
- Input the starting pressure in bar and ending pressure in bar from your dive computer or SPG.
- Enter the total dive duration in minutes.
- Set the average dive depth in meters for the Boyle's Law depth correction.
- Read your SAC Rate (Surface Air Consumption) in L/min — below 12 is excellent; 15–20 is typical for recreational divers.
- Use Remaining Bottom Time to plan your gas reserve when diving the same profile again.
How the result changes with Start Pressure
| Start Pressure | SAC Rate |
|---|---|
| 100 | 0 L/min |
| 150 | 5.36 L/min |
| 300 | 21.43 L/min |
What each input means
- Tank Volume
- Internal water volume of your scuba tank. Standard aluminum 80 = 11.1L, steel HP100 = 12.9L.
- Start Pressure
- Tank pressure at the beginning of your dive. A full aluminum 80 is ~207 bar, steel HP100 is ~230 bar.
- End Pressure
- Tank pressure at the end of your dive or measurement period.
- Dive Duration
- Total time underwater in minutes, from descent to the reading point.
- Average Depth
- Average depth of the dive in meters. Use your dive computer's average depth reading for best accuracy.
What each result means
- SAC Rate
- Surface Air Consumption rate — your air use normalized to surface pressure. Lower is better; 12-15 L/min is average.
- Consumption at Depth
- Actual air consumption rate at the specified depth, accounting for increased ambient pressure.
- Bottom Time Remaining
- Estimated minutes remaining at this depth with current air, keeping a 50-bar safety reserve.
- Rate Rating
- 1 = Excellent (<12), 2 = Average (12-17), 3 = High (17-22), 4 = Very High (>22 L/min).
How this is calculated
Worked example, using the default values
- Identify Input Parameters4 parametersTank Volume = 12, Start Pressure = 200, End Pressure = 100, Dive Duration = 40 = 5 input(s) provided
- Calculate SAC RateSAC Rate10.71 = 10.71
- Calculate Consumption at DepthConsumption at Depth30 = 30
- Calculate Bottom Time RemainingBottom Time Remaining20 = 20
Engine last updated . Checked against 2 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does the calculator report SAC rate instead of just liters used per minute at depth?
SAC normalizes your air use to surface pressure (1 atmosphere), which is what makes it comparable across dives of different depths and even different tank sizes. Two divers breathing identically at 18m and 30m would show very different raw L/min-at-depth numbers, but nearly identical SAC rates — that's the point of dividing by ambient pressure before comparing.
How does the 50-bar reserve factor into the Bottom Time Remaining figure?
The calculator takes the air still in your tank at your current end pressure, subtracts the equivalent of 50 bar as an untouchable reserve, and only divides the leftover 'usable air' by your at-depth consumption rate. If your end pressure is already at or below 50 bar, usable air is floored at zero and the estimate reads zero minutes remaining.
Why is Consumption at Depth different from my SAC Rate?
SAC Rate is your breathing rate normalized back to the surface, while Consumption at Depth multiplies that same SAC by the ambient pressure factor at your entered depth, showing the actual liters per minute your regulator is delivering down there. The deeper you go, the bigger that multiplier gets — at 30m (ambient pressure 4 ATA), you're burning roughly four times the air per minute that your SAC rate alone would suggest.
What do the four rate-rating bands (excellent/average/high/very high) mean for my diving?
They're rough benchmarks recreational divers use to gauge breathing efficiency: under 12 L/min is considered excellent (often experienced, well-trimmed divers), 12-17 is a typical average, 17-22 is high, and above 22 is very high. Tracking your own SAC rate over multiple dives with similar profiles is more useful than comparing to other divers, since body size and exertion level shift the bands.
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