Skip to main content
Calcimator

Point-Supported Glass Calculator

Fitting layout and glass thickness from panel size and load.

About this calculator

Point-supported ("spider") glazing carries a glass panel on bolted stainless fittings through the glass itself rather than a framed edge, which concentrates stress at each bolt hole roughly 3.5x higher than the plate's average bending stress -- this calculator bakes that concentration factor directly into the required-thickness formula rather than treating it as an afterthought. It works from Timoshenko plate-bending theory: Design Wind Load and the shorter panel span combine with a bending coefficient that grows with aspect ratio, and the result is checked against the selected Glass Type's allowable stress -- fully tempered glass (93 MPa, required for bolt-hole drilling in the first place) tolerates roughly twice the stress heat-strengthened glass (45 MPa) can, but that doesn't guarantee a lower Stress Utilization reading on tempered glass: both types round their required thickness up to their OWN nearest standard step independently, so a load that lands tempered glass right below a thickness breakpoint (little spare margin) while pushing heat-strengthened glass comfortably past one (lots of spare margin) can leave the tempered pane's utilization the higher of the two, despite its larger allowable stress. The calculator then snaps up to the nearest standard glass thickness (6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 22, or 25mm), which usually clears the stress requirement with a real margin -- but not always: for large panels under heavy wind load, the calculated Min.

Thickness can exceed even the largest standard size (25mm), in which case Selected Thickness still reads 25mm (there is no larger standard size to snap to) while Stress Utilization can climb well past 100%. That combination -- Thickness Infeasible reading 1 -- means 25mm glass is not actually an adequate answer for this panel, and a genuinely different design (smaller span, more support points, laminated or thicker non-standard glass, or a structural engineer's sign-off) is required, not merely a thicker off-the-shelf pane. Support Points changes how that same total wind and dead load gets shared across the fittings (Load Per Fitting drops as more points share it), but it never changes the panel's bending stress or deflection at all -- those depend only on span, thickness, and load intensity, not on how many discrete points the load funnels through.

Inputs

Results

Selected thickness (mm)

8

Stress utilization (%)

70.3

Min. thickness (mm)6.7
Actual stress (MPa)65.3
Deflection (mm)12.2
Deflection limit (mm)25
Bolt hole dia. (mm)26
Min edge distance (mm)60
Load per fitting (N)1,135
Panel weight (kg)60
Stress Ratio70.3%
Defl Ratio49%
Thickness infeasible flag0
How to Use This Calculator
  1. Enter the glass panel dimensions and glass type (tempered, laminated).
  2. Set the wind pressure design load in psf or kPa.
  3. Input the number of point supports and their layout pattern.
  4. Review the maximum glass stress and deflection at design load.
  5. Verify stress is below the glass allowable strength and deflection is below span/60 limit.

What each input means

Panel width (mm)
Width of the glass panel between support points.
Panel height (mm)
Height of the glass panel between support points.
Design wind load (Pa)
Design wind pressure per ASCE 7 or local building code.
Support points
Number of point fixings (spider arms). Typically 2, 4, or 6.
Glass type (1-2)
1 = Heat-strengthened (45 MPa), 2 = Fully tempered (93 MPa). Tempered required for bolt holes.

What each result means

Min. thickness (mm)
Minimum glass thickness from stress analysis with bolt-hole stress concentration.
Selected thickness (mm)
Nearest standard glass thickness meeting the stress requirement -- except when even the largest standard size (25mm) isn't enough, in which case this reads 25mm anyway and Thickness Infeasible flags that it does NOT actually meet the requirement.
Actual stress (MPa)
Maximum bending stress at bolt hole with selected glass thickness.
Stress utilization (%)
Ratio of actual stress to allowable stress. Must be below 100%.
Deflection (mm)
Maximum centre-of-panel deflection under wind load.
Deflection limit (mm)
Allowable deflection (span/60 for point-supported glass).
Bolt hole dia. (mm)
Recommended bolt hole diameter for countersunk fitting.
Min edge distance (mm)
Minimum distance from bolt hole centre to glass edge (≥ 2.5t or 60 mm).
Load per fitting (N)
Combined dead + wind load per spider fitting for structural sizing.
Panel weight (kg)
Glass panel weight for dead-load design of support structure.
Thickness infeasible flag
1 if even the largest standard glass thickness (25mm) can't bring Stress Utilization under 100% for this panel size and wind load, meaning a real infeasibility (change the panel geometry, span, or support layout) rather than a standard-thickness answer. 0 otherwise.

How this is calculated

Worked example, using the default values

  1. Identify Input Parameters
    4 parameters
    Panel width (mm) = 1500, Panel height (mm) = 2000, Design wind load (Pa) = 1500, Support points = 4 = 5 input(s) provided
  2. Calculate Selected thickness
    8 = 8
  3. Calculate Stress utilization
    Stress utilization = round((actualStressMpa / sigmaAllow) * 1000) / 10
    70.3 = 70.3
  4. Calculate Min. thickness
    Min. thickness = sqrt(
    6.7 = 6.7
  5. Calculate Actual stress
    Actual stress = 6 * beta * windLoadMpa * shortSpan^2 * stressConcentration / selectedThickness^2
    65.3 = 65.3

Engine last updated . Checked against 4 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is Stress Utilization usually well under 100% instead of right at it?

Because glass only comes in standard thicknesses (6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 22, 25mm), and the calculator always rounds the calculated minimum thickness UP to the next available standard step -- so the selected thickness usually has more capacity than the bare minimum required, leaving Stress Utilization comfortably below 100% rather than landing exactly at it. That is only true when a standard size big enough actually exists, though: for a large panel under heavy wind load, the required thickness can exceed even 25mm (the largest standard size), in which case Selected Thickness is stuck at 25mm, Stress Utilization reads OVER 100% (up to roughly 5x in the most extreme declared-range cases), and Thickness Infeasible flags 1 to make clear that 25mm is not actually an adequate answer here.

If Support Points goes from 2 up to 6, what on the panel actually changes?

Only how the load reaches the fittings, not the glass sizing itself. Load Per Fitting drops as the same total wind-plus-dead load is shared across more spider arms, which is the whole point of adding points on a large or heavy panel. But Actual Stress, Stress Utilization, and Deflection stay exactly the same no matter how many fittings you pick from the 2-6 range -- those are plate-bending properties of the span between supports, the panel's aspect ratio, and its thickness, none of which Support Points touches.

Does fully tempered glass always show a lower Stress Utilization than heat-strengthened for the same panel?

No, not always -- despite tempered glass having roughly double the allowable design stress of heat-strengthened glass (93 MPa versus 45 MPa), the relationship is not strictly monotonic because both glass types round UP to their own nearest standard thickness independently. At a 1500x2000mm panel and 6,700 Pa wind load, for example, Glass Type 1 (heat-strengthened) needs enough thickness that it steps up to a 22mm standard pane, while Type 2 (tempered) only needs to step up to 15mm -- and that smaller thickness jump leaves Type 2 with LESS spare margin than Type 1 got from its larger jump, so Type 2's Stress Utilization can land higher than Type 1's even though its allowable stress is larger. Tempered glass is still required for bolt-hole drilling regardless (it breaks into small, less hazardous fragments), but its stress-utilization number isn't guaranteed to read lower.

Does higher wind load always increase both the required glass thickness and the deflection?

Min. Thickness and Selected Thickness, yes -- both rise (or at worst plateau at the same standard size) monotonically across Design Wind Load's full 200-8,000 Pa declared range, since higher pressure directly raises the bending moment the plate formula solves for. Actual Stress and Deflection are NOT always monotonic in wind load, though: right at the point where a load increase pushes Selected Thickness up to the next standard size, the thicker glass can drop Actual Stress and Deflection noticeably below what they were at a slightly lower load and the previous (thinner) standard size -- a step up in glass thickness outweighs the extra wind pressure at that crossover.

What is the minimum edge distance for a bolt hole, and does it depend on the glass thickness?

Minimum Edge Distance is the larger of 60mm or 2.5 times the selected glass thickness -- so for the thinnest standard panels (6-10mm) it is fixed at the 60mm floor, but once selected thickness exceeds 24mm the 2.5x-thickness rule takes over and edge distance grows directly with glass thickness.

The questions that sit next to this one — chosen by subject, including calculators filed under a different category.

More in Construction & Building Trades.