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Required Minimum Distribution Calculator

Calculate RMD amounts based on account balance, age, and IRS life expectancy tables.

About this calculator

The Required Minimum Distribution Calculator applies the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table -- the table nearly all IRA and 401(k) owners use once RMDs begin at age 73 under SECURE 2.0 -- to your Account Balance to compute the minimum you must withdraw this year. Required Minimum Distribution is Account Balance divided by a life-expectancy divisor drawn from that table (27.4 at age 72, declining to 6.4 by age 100), so raising either the Account Balance or your Age raises the required distribution: a bigger balance splits into a bigger withdrawal, and an older age uses a smaller divisor, which produces a larger required slice of the same balance. The After-Tax RMD applies your marginal Tax Rate to show what actually lands in your pocket after withholding, and raising the Tax Rate raises Tax on RMD in the same direction while lowering the After-Tax RMD you keep.

The Life Expectancy Divisor itself is driven entirely by age and the table lookup -- it does not change with the size of your Account Balance, since the table only cares how old you are, not how much you've saved. When Spouse Age is entered and your spouse is more than 10 years younger than you (making them the sole beneficiary), the calculator switches to a simplified age-gap adjustment on the divisor rather than the IRS's full two-life Joint and Last Survivor Table -- for that specific situation, treat this as an illustrative estimate only, and confirm the exact figure with a tax professional or the published joint table. What this does not account for: Roth account exemptions, still-working exceptions for employer plans, or multiple accounts that must each be tracked separately for RMD purposes.

Inputs

$
%
%

Results

Required Minimum Distribution

$40,650.41

≈ 4 years of state college

After-Tax RMD

$30,894.31

≈ 15 gaming PCs

Tax on RMD$9,756.10
Projected Year-End Balance$1,007,317.07
Life Expectancy Divisor24.6
5-Year Total RMDs$221,951.26

Figures current as of 2026. Source: IRS Publication 590-B, Distributions from Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), Table III — Uniform Lifetime Table

How to Use This Calculator
  1. Enter Account Balance as of December 31 of the prior year (per IRS rules).
  2. Set Your Age — RMDs begin at age 73 under current SECURE 2.0 rules.
  3. Enter Spouse Age only if your spouse is the sole beneficiary and more than 10 years younger — this applies a simplified age-gap adjustment, not the full IRS Joint and Last Survivor Table.
  4. Set Expected Growth Rate % and Tax Rate % on distributions.
  5. Review Required Minimum Distribution and After-Tax RMD.
  6. Failing to take your full RMD results in a 25% excise tax on the shortfall (reduced from 50% under SECURE 2.0).

How the result changes with Your Age

Your AgeRequired Minimum DistributionAfter-Tax RMD
76$42,194.09$32,067.51
82$54,054.05$41,081.08
91$86,956.52$66,086.96
97$128,205.13$97,435.90

What each input means

Account Balance
Total balance of IRA/401(k) as of Dec 31 of prior year.
Your Age
Your current age (RMDs begin at age 73).
Spouse Age (0 if N/A)
Spouse's age if sole beneficiary and 10+ years younger.
Expected Growth Rate
Expected annual investment growth rate.
Tax Rate
Your marginal income tax rate on distributions.

How this is calculated

Worked example, using the default values

  1. Identify Input Parameters
    5 parameters
    Account Balance = 1000000, Your Age = 75, Spouse Age (0 if N/A) = 0, Expected Growth Rate = 5, Tax Rate = 24 = 5 input(s) provided
  2. Calculate Required Minimum Distribution
    Required Minimum Distribution
    40650.41 = $40,650.41
  3. Calculate After-Tax RMD
    After-Tax RMD
    30894.31 = $30,894.31
  4. Calculate Tax on RMD
    Tax on RMD
    9756.1 = $9,756.1
  5. Calculate Projected Year-End Balance
    Projected Year-End Balance
    1007317.07 = $1,007,317.07

Figures and sources

Engine last updated . Checked against 3 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where does the divisor used to calculate my RMD come from?

It's drawn from the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table, which assigns a life-expectancy divisor to each age from 72 through 100 (27.4 at age 72, falling to 6.4 at age 100). The calculator divides your Account Balance by that divisor to get the Required Minimum Distribution, and the divisor depends only on your age, not your account balance.

Does a larger account balance change my Life Expectancy Divisor?

No -- the divisor is purely a function of your age via the IRS table lookup and never moves in response to your Account Balance. A larger balance produces a larger dollar RMD because it's being divided by the same divisor, not because the divisor itself changes.

Is the spousal calculation the real IRS Joint and Last Survivor Table?

No. When your spouse is entered as more than 10 years younger and the sole beneficiary, this calculator applies a simplified age-gap adjustment to the Uniform Lifetime divisor rather than looking up the IRS's full two-life Joint and Last Survivor Table, which uses both spouses' exact ages. Treat that specific scenario's output as an illustrative estimate, not an exact figure -- confirm with a tax professional or the published table.

What happens if I don't take my full RMD?

Under SECURE 2.0, the excise tax on a missed or short RMD was reduced from 50% to 25% of the shortfall, and it can drop further to 10% if you correct the shortfall within the IRS's correction window. This calculator doesn't model the penalty itself -- it only estimates the distribution you're required to take.

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