Elevator Bank Configuration Calculator
Number of elevators from building height and population.
About this calculator
5-Min Peak Demand is a pure, unconditional product of exactly two inputs: Building Population × Handling Capacity %. Number of Floors, Car Capacity, Car Speed, and Floor-to-Floor Height never touch it -- demand is entirely a function of how many people are in the building and what fraction of them the code target expects to move during the up-peak. Expected Stops Per Trip comes from the Barney probabilistic formula for expected stops -- S = N x (1 - ((N-1)/N)^P) -- the classical round-trip-time methodology documented in CIBSE Guide D's lift traffic calculation chapter, not an invented approximation.
Round-Trip Time (s) responds to Car Speed and Floor-to-Floor Height in opposite directions: Car Speed only appears in the denominator of inter-floor travel time, so a faster car always shortens Round-Trip Time, while a taller Floor-to-Floor Height always lengthens it, verified across each input's full declared range. Elevators Required, by contrast, is computed with two nested ceiling (round-up) functions -- fractional demand rounds up to whole cars, so a small change in Handling Capacity % near the calculator's own default often lands inside the same "whole car" bracket and produces no visible change, even though a larger swing clearly changes the recommended car count. Service Quality Rating buckets the computed Up-Peak Interval into four bands (≤25s Excellent through >40s Poor) -- it responds only through whatever combination of inputs moves Round-Trip Time and Elevators Required, never directly to any single input on its own.
Inputs
Results
Elevators required
1
Figures current as of 2025. Source: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE), Guide D: Transportation Systems in Buildings, Part 3 (Lift Traffic Design Using Calculation)
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter Building population, Number of floors, and Car capacity (persons).
- Set Handling capacity %, Car speed (m/s), and Floor-to-floor height (m).
- Review the Elevators required result.
- Use Up-peak interval (s) and Round-trip time (s) to inform your decision.
What each input means
- Building population
- Total above-grade occupants in the building.
- Number of floors
- Total floors including ground floor.
- Car capacity (persons)
- Rated passenger capacity per elevator car (typically 10-21).
- Handling capacity %
- Percentage of building population to move in 5 minutes during up-peak. Office: 11-15%, residential: 5-7%.
- Car speed (m/s)
- Elevator rated speed. Low-rise: 1-2 m/s, mid-rise: 2.5-4, high-rise: 5-10.
- Floor-to-floor height (m)
- Typical floor-to-floor height in meters.
What each result means
- Elevators required
- Minimum number of elevator cars needed to meet the handling capacity target.
- Up-peak interval (s)
- Average time between successive car departures from the lobby. Target: ≤ 25s excellent, ≤ 30s good (office), ≤ 40s acceptable (residential).
- Round-trip time (s)
- Time for one car to complete a full round trip from lobby and back.
- Expected stops per trip
- Probable number of stops per up-peak trip (Barney formula).
- 5-min handling capacity
- Total persons the elevator bank can handle in 5 minutes.
- 5-min peak demand
- Number of people expected to need transport in the 5-minute peak.
- Service quality rating (1-4)
- 1=Excellent (interval ≤25s), 2=Good (≤30s), 3=Acceptable (≤40s), 4=Poor (>40s), based on the up-peak interval.
How this is calculated
Worked example, using the default values
- Identify Input Parameters4 parametersBuilding population = 200, Number of floors = 10, Car capacity (persons) = 16, Handling capacity % = 12 = 6 input(s) provided
- Calculate Elevators requiredElevators required = max(1, ceil(numCarsExact))1 = 1
- Calculate Up-peak intervalUp-peak interval = RTT / numCars120 = 120
- Calculate Round-trip timeRound-trip time = travelTime + stopTime + loadUnloadTime120 = 120
Figures and sources
- Round-trip-time elevator traffic analysis method using the Barney probabilistic expected-stops formula (2025) — Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE), Guide D: Transportation Systems in Buildings, Part 3 (Lift Traffic Design Using Calculation)
Engine last updated . Checked against 2 independently-derived tests — how we verify calculators. Built by Paul Gunder, a software engineer, not a licensed financial, medical, or legal professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
What actually determines 5-Min Peak Demand?
Exactly two inputs, multiplied directly: Building Population × Handling Capacity %. Number of Floors, Car Capacity, Car Speed, and Floor-to-Floor Height have no effect on 5-Min Peak Demand at all -- it's purely a function of building population and the target percentage moved during up-peak.
Does a faster elevator always shorten the round trip time?
Yes -- verified across the full 0.5-10 m/s speed range and every other input combination, Round-Trip Time (s) never increases as Car Speed rises, since speed only appears as a divisor of inter-floor travel time. The reverse holds for Floor-to-Floor Height: a taller floor-to-floor dimension always lengthens Round-Trip Time.
I nudged Handling Capacity % slightly and Elevators Required didn't change -- is the calculator broken?
No. Elevators Required is computed by rounding 5-Min Peak Demand up to a whole number of cars (ceil), so small changes near the calculator's own default often land inside the same whole-car bracket and produce no visible change. Try a larger swing in Handling Capacity % -- moving it further clearly changes the recommended car count.
What does Service Quality Rating measure?
It buckets the computed Up-Peak Interval (average time between car departures) into four bands: 1=Excellent at ≤25s, 2=Good at ≤30s, 3=Acceptable at ≤40s, and 4=Poor above 40s. It doesn't respond directly to any single input -- only through whatever combination of inputs changes Round-Trip Time and the number of elevators recommended.
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